Significance
Ramzan (Ramadan) is the ninth and holiest month of the Islamic calendar, when the Quran is believed to have been first revealed to Prophet Muhammad. It is a month of fasting (Roza), prayer, reflection and community.
It culminates in the festival of Eid-ul-Fitr.
Rituals
From dawn (Sehri) to sunset (Iftar), the faithful abstain from food, drink and worldly indulgences, devoting themselves to prayer, recitation of the Quran, charity (Zakat) and self-restraint. Nights bring special Taraweeh prayers and community meals.
How the date is fixed
Ramzan follows the Islamic lunar calendar and begins with the sighting of the new crescent moon, so its Gregorian date shifts about 10–11 days earlier each year and may vary by a day with local moon-sighting. The date shown is a close estimate.